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English Language Arts

Reading Standards for Literature

• Read closely to determine what the text says explicitly and to make logical inferences from it; cite specific textual evidence when writing or speaking to support conclusions drawn from the text
• Cite the textual evidence that most strongly supports an analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text
• Analyze how particular lines of dialogue or incidents in a story or drama propel the action, reveal aspects of a character, or provoke a decision
• Compare and contrast the structure of two or more texts and analyze how the differing structure of each text contributes to its meaning and style
• Analyze the extent to which a filmed or live production of a story or drama stays faithful to or departs from the text or script, evaluating the choices made by the director or actors

Reading Standards for Informational Text

• Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text
• Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative, connotative, and technical meanings; analyze the impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone, including analogies or allusions to other texts
• Analyze in detail the structure of a specific paragraph in a text, including the role of sentences in developing and refining a key concept
• Delineate and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, assessing whether the reasoning is sound, and the evidence is relevant and sufficient; recognize when irrelevant evidence is introduced
• Analyze a case in which two or more texts provide conflicting information on the same topic and identify where the texts disagree on matters of fact or interpretation

Writing Standards

• Write arguments to support claims in analysis of substantive topics or texts, using valid reasoning and relevant sufficient evidence
• Write informative and explanatory texts, including business letters and school applications, to convey ideas, concepts, and clear information
• Use appropriate and varied transitions to create cohesion and clarify the relationships among ideas and concepts
• Establish and maintain a formal style
• Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective techniques, relevant descriptive details, and well-structured event sequences
• Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience. 
• Use technology, including the internet, to produce and publish writing and present the relationships between information and ideas efficiently as well as to interact and collaborate with others 
• Write routinely over extended time frames

Language Usage

• Presents claims and findings, emphasizing salient points in a focused, coherent manner with relevant evidence, sound reasoning, and well-chosen details
• Integrate multimedia and visual displays into presentations to clarify information, strengthen claims, and add interest
• Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking
• Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing
• Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships, and nuances in word meanings
• Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words or phrases based on grade 8 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies

Science 

• Know position is defined in relation to some choice of a standard reference point and a set of reference directions
• Know that average speed is a total distance traveled divided by the total time elapsed and the speed of an object along the path traveled can vary
• Solve problems involving distance, time, and average speed
• Know how to interpret graphs of position versus time and graphs of speed versus time for motion in a single direction
• Know the structure of the atom and how it is composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons
• Know that compounds are formed by combining two or more different elements and that compounds have properties that are different from their constituent elements
• Know how to identify separately the two or more forces that are acting on a single static object, including gravity, elastic forces due to tension or compression in matter, and friction 
• Know the states of matter depend on molecular motion
• Plans and conducts a scientific investigation to test a hypothesis
• Distinguish between variable and controlled parameters in a test
• Construct appropriate graphs from data and develop quantitative statements about the relationships between variables

8th Grade Math – Algebra I – Geometry

Algebra I 

• Build a function that models a relationship between two quantities
• Use function notation, evaluate functions for inputs in their domains, and interpret statements that use function notation in terms of context
• Summarize, represent, and interpret data on a single count or measurable variable
• Solve systems of equations
• Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials

Geometry

Experiment with transformations in the plane

• Know precise definitions of angle, circle, perpendicular line, parallel line, and line segment, based on the undefined notions of point
• Given a rectangle, parallelogram, trapezoid, or regular polygon, describe the notations and reflections that carry it onto itself
• Given a geometric figure and a rotation, reflection, or translation, draw the transformed figure using graph paper, tracing paper, or geometry program online

Understand congruence in terms of rigid motions

• Use geometric descriptions of rigid motions to transform figures and to predict the effect of a given rigid motion on a give figure; given two figures, us the definition f congruence in terms of rigid motions to decide if they are congruent
• Use the definition of congruence in terms of rigid motions to show that two triangles are congruent if and only if corresponding pairs of angles are congruent
• Explain how the criteria for triangle congruence (ASA, SAS, and SSS) follow from the definition of congruence in terms of rigid motions

Prove geometric theorems and make geometric constructions

• Prove theorems about lines and angles
• Prove theorems about triangles
• Prove theorems about parallelograms 
• Make geometric constructions with a variety of tools and methods
• Construct an equilateral triangle, a square, and a regular hexagon inscribed in a circle

Similarity, Right Triangles, and Trigonometry

• Use congruence and similarity criteria for triangles to solve problems and to prove relationships in geometric figures
• Given two figures, use the definition of similarity in terms of similarity transformations to decide if they are similar
• Explain and use the relationship between the sine and cosine of complementary angles
• Use trigonometric ratios and the Pythagorean Theorem to solve triangles in applied problems

Apply geometric concepts in modeling situations

• Use geometric shapes, their measures, and their properties to describe objects
• Apply concepts of density based on area and volume in modeling situations
• Apply geometric methods to solve design problems

Conditional probability and the rules of probability

• Find the conditional probability of A given B as the fraction of B’s outcomes that also belong to A and interpret the answer in terms of the model.
• Understand that two events A and B are independent if the probability of A and B occurring together is the product of their probabilities and use this characterization to determine if they are independent.